The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of the offerings. The king of the gods, Indra, responds by telling his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to coexist peacefully. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been allocated to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: the god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The twenty-three verses of the hymn are a metaphorical and riddle-filled legend. The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 15 BCE. Standing Hanuman, Chola Dynasty, 11th century, Tamil Nadu, India Vedic roots
Mukhya Prana Devaru, "Primordial Life Giver" (more prominent amongst followers of Dvaita, such as Madhwas). Rama Doota, "the messenger ( doota) of Lord Rama". Māruti, "son of Maruta" (another name of Vayu deva). Sankata Mochana, "the remover of dangers, hardships, or hurdles" ( sankata). Vajrang Bali/Bajrang Bali, "the strong one ( bali), who had limbs ( anga) as hard or as tough as vajra ( diamond)" this name is widely used in rural North India. Vayuputra/ Pavanputra : the son of the Vayu deva- Wind god. Kesari Nandana or Kesarisuta, based on his father, which means "son of Kesari". Anjaneya, Anjaniputra (Kannada), Anjaneyar (Tamil), Anjaneyudu (Telugu), Anjanisuta all meaning "the son of Anjana". Linguistic variations of "Hanuman" include Hanumat, Anuman ( Tamil), Hanumantha ( Kannada), Hanumanthudu ( Telugu). Hanuman combines two of the most cherished traits in the Hindu bhakti- shakti worship traditions: "heroic, strong, assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to personal God". This version is supported by a Puranic legend wherein infant Hanuman mistakes the Sun for a fruit, heroically attempts to reach it, and is wounded in the jaw for his attempt. One interpretation of "Hanuman" is "one having a disfigured jaw". In the Hindu pantheon, deities typically have many synonymous names, each based on some noble characteristic, attribute, or reminder of a mythical deed achieved by that deity. The meaning or origin of the word "Hanuman" is unclear. Hanuman with a Namaste (Anjali Mudra) posture Some scholars have identified Hanuman as one potential inspiration for Sun Wukong, the Monkey King character in the Chinese epic adventure Journey to the West. Hanuman is considered a bachelor and exemplary celibate. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith, and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like an Ape-Man Vanara. In later literature, he is sometimes portrayed as the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling and acrobatics, as well as activities such as meditation and diligent scholarship. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In the modern era, Hanuman's iconography and temples have been increasingly common. The Vaishnava saint Madhva said that whenever Vishnu incarnates on earth, Vayu accompanies him and aids his work of preserving dharma. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas have positioned Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. Lutgendorf also writes that the skills in Hanuman's resume also seem to derive in part from his windy patrimony, reflecting Vayu's role in both body and cosmos. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist, the theological significance of Hanuman and devotional dedication to him emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts, such as the epic Mahabharata and the various Puranas.Įvidence of devotional worship to Hanuman is largely absent in these texts, as well as in most archeological sites. Hanuman is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who in several stories played a direct role in Hanuman's birth. He is an ardent devotee of Rama and one of the chiranjivis. Hanuman is one of the central characters of the Hindu epic Ramayana. Hanuman ( / ˈ h ʌ n ʊ ˌ m ɑː n/ Sanskrit: हनुमान्, IAST: Hanumān) is a Hindu god and divine vanara (monkey) companion of the god Rama.
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